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  4. Respiratory Diseases - Veterinary Focus - Vol. 20(2) - Jun. 2010
  5. L’asthme félin
Respiratory Diseases - Veterinary Focus - Vol. 20(2) - Jun. 2010
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L’asthme félin

Author(s):
Santamarina Pernas G.
In: Respiratory Diseases - Veterinary Focus - Vol. 20(2) - Jun. 2010 by Veterinary Focus
Updated:
JUN 01, 2010
Languages:
  • DE
  • EN
  • ES
  • FR
  • IT
  • PT-PT
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    Introduction

    L’asthme peut être défini comme une maladie obstructive réversible, qui touche les voies respiratoires distales. Caractérisé par une hyperréactivité bronchique, il entraîne une diminution du diamètre des bronches et une sécrétion excessive de mucus. Ces processus provoquent une variété de signes dont la toux, les sifflements et la détresse respiratoire. L’asthme est rare chez les animaux : ses caractéristiques n’ont été décrites que chez le chat et chez l’Homme (1).

    Identifié pour la première fois en 1906 (2), l’asthme est une des maladies pulmonaires les plus fréquentes chez les chats, avec une morbidité considérable et une mortalité éventuelle. Ce trouble respiratoire a reçu différents noms : maladie des voies respiratoires distales félines, asthme allergique félin, bronchite allergique aiguë, maladie des voies respiratoires inférieures d’origine immune et maladie bronchique féline. Clairement, l’origine de l’asthme félin est une réaction exagérée du système immunitaire à un allergène inhalé qui entraîne des modifications chimiques et structurelles de l’arbre trachéo-bronchique. Cliniquement, on suspecte l’asthme félin par la présence relativement variable de toux, de sifflements, d’intolérance à l’exercice et de détresse respiratoire qui peut se calmer spontanément ou en réponse à un traitement médicamenteux (1,3,4).

    Cet article résume les connaissances actuelles sur la physiopathologie de l’asthme chez le chat, la reconnaissance des signes cliniques les plus fréquents et les méthodes de diagnostic disponibles. Il propose une approche pratique du traitement et de la prise en charge. [...]

    Points Clés

    • L’asthme félin est une maladie respiratoire qui touche les voies respiratoires distales ; elle est caractérisée par une hyperréactivité bronchique à différents stimuli.
    • Typiquement, l'association de l'inflammation, de l'accumulation de mucus et de la contraction des muscles lisses des voies aériennes entraîne une réduction du flux aérien.
    • Les signes cliniques classiques comprennent la toux, les sifflements, la détresse respiratoire, l'orthopnée, la tachypnée et la dyspnée avec effort expiratoire excessif. Les signes cliniques peuvent être permanents ou intermittents, légers, modérés ou graves.
    • Le traitement médical de l'asthme doit contrôler l'inflammation afin de prévenir la bronchoconstriction.
    • On considère que l'inhalothérapie est la clé du contrôle de l'asthme chez l'Homme. Actuellement, elle est couramment recommandée dans l'asthme félin.
    • D'autres traitements peuvent également être bénéfiques dans la prise en charge de l'asthme félin mais davantage d'études sont nécessaires pour prouver leur efficacité.
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    About

    How to reference this publication (Harvard system)?

    Santamarina Pernas, G. (2010) “L’asthme félin”, Respiratory Diseases - Veterinary Focus - Vol. 20(2) - Jun. 2010. Available at: https://www.ivis.org/library/veterinary-focus/respiratory-diseases-veterinary-focus-vol-202-jun-2010/l’asthme-félin (Accessed: 30 September 2023).

    Author(s)

    • Santamarina Pernas G.

      DVM PhD
      Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Facultad de Veterinaria de Lugo, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
      Read more about this author

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