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  4. Respiratory Diseases - Veterinary Focus - Vol. 20(2) - Jun. 2010
  5. Sindrome brachicefalica: nuove informazioni su una vecchia malattia congenita
Respiratory Diseases - Veterinary Focus - Vol. 20(2) - Jun. 2010
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Sindrome brachicefalica: nuove informazioni su una vecchia malattia congenita

Author(s):
Oechtering G.U.
In: Respiratory Diseases - Veterinary Focus - Vol. 20(2) - Jun. 2010 by Veterinary Focus
Updated:
JUN 01, 2010
Languages:
  • DE
  • EN
  • ES
  • FR
  • IT
  • PT
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    Introduzione

    La brachicefalia è un argomento sempre più d'attualità e per molte ragioni i veterinari devono cambiare le loro opinioni al riguardo. Tanto per cominciare, la popolarità degli animali brachicefali sta aumentando. In molte parti del mondo, le razze brachicefale appaiono fra quelle con la crescita percentuale più alta in termini di nuovi nati. Ciò è vero non solo per le razze canine ma anche in misura crescente per le razze feline brachicefale (1). Inoltre, la gravità dei sintomi associati a questa malformazione sembra essere fortemente aumentata negli ultimi decenni. Ciò potrebbe essere uno dei motivi principali per cui gli animali arrivano alla presentazione con una respirazione gravemente impedita in età sempre più giovane.

    In precedenza, si riteneva che il destress respiratorio brachicefalico e l'intolleranza all'esercizio fisico fossero dovute unicamente al restringimento o all'otturazione delle vie aeree superiori, con conseguente riduzione della ventilazione polmonare. Oggi si ritiene che nel cane il naso abbia anche un ruolo vitale nella termoregolazione. Negli animali brachicefali, è probabile che i disturbi di origine termica siano causati più dalle restrizioni nella regolazione della temperatura che dalla ventilazione polmonare ridotta e conseguente insufficienza di ossigeno. Tuttavia contribuiscono attualmente al problema anche aspetti sociali, non medici. Il pubblico e i mezzi di informazione sono ben consapevoli di temi come l'allevamento selettivo che esalta caratteristiche esagerate potenzialmente nocive per lo stato di salute e la qualità di vita dei cani con pedigree (2, 3). Nei cani brachicefali, le dimensioni del naso si stanno riducendo a causa di tecniche di allevamento troppo selettive, al punto che la sua funzione è stata drasticamente inibita. Dato che i cani respirano obbligatoriamente con il naso, essi soffrono molto più dell'uomo quando la ventilazione nasale viene limitata. Tutti questi sono i motivi chiave per cui i veterinari dovrebbero riprendere in esame questo "vecchio" soggetto e avviare anche nell'arena pubblica un dibattito critico sulla brachicefalia estrema. [...]

    Punti Chiave

    • In tutto il mondo, la popolarità delle razze brachicefale sta continuamente aumentando, ma l'allevamento selettivo al fine di ottenere caratteristiche esagerate ha prodotto stenosi multiple delle vie aeree superiori e i problemi respiratori stanno diventando più gravi con presentazioni sempre più precoci.
    • Malformazioni e collassabilità delle vie aeree superiori sono molto più complesse di quanto si ritenesse in precedenza.
    • Si ritiene che il naso del cane sia fondamentale per un’efficace termoregolazione, ma questa funzione è compromessa in molti animali brachicefali.
    • Il salvataggio delle razze brachicefale richiede un fondamentale ripensamento delle tecniche di allevamento. Veterinari e associazioni canine devono cooperare con maggior efficacia e discutere apertamente il problema.
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    About

    How to reference this publication (Harvard system)?

    Oechtering, G. U. (2010) “Sindrome brachicefalica: nuove informazioni su una vecchia malattia congenita”, Respiratory Diseases - Veterinary Focus - Vol. 20(2) - Jun. 2010. Available at: https://www.ivis.org/library/veterinary-focus/respiratory-diseases-veterinary-focus-vol-202-jun-2010/sindrome-brachicefalica-nuove-informazioni-su-una-vecchia-malattia-congenita (Accessed: 24 September 2023).

    Author(s)

    • Gerhard Oechtering - University of Leipzig

      Oechtering G.U.

      Klinikdirektor, Leitung HNO
      Dr med vet Dipl ECVAA
      Department of Small Animal Medicine, Ear Nose and Throat Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig
      Read more about this author

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