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From the Veterinarian to the Owner: Understanding and Explaining Wound Cicatrisation in Horses
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Introduction
Traumatic wounds occur commonly in horses and the objective of repair is re-establishment of an epithelial cover and the recovery of tissue integrity, strength, and function. The various stages of wound healing have been widely investigated over the years and they rely on complex interaction between cells, their surrounding matrix, and mediators that govern these activities.
Initial stages of wound healing (vascular and cellular responses) involve the formation of a blood clot and inflammation. This stage is followed by proliferation and migration of dermal and epidermal cells and matrix synthesis (fibroplasia, angiogenesis and epithelialisation) in order to fill the wound gap and re-establish the skin barrier. Epithelialisation is the slowest phase of the healing process it usually becomes apparent about 2 weeks after wounding. The final stage is a tissue remodelling and differentiation period (contraction and extracellular matrix conversion to a mature tissue) that enables full recovery of the skin tissue.
During second intention healing wounds will retract and increase in size during the first week after their creation. Later, epithelialisation will be less when wound contraction is more effective and a more extensive scar will be formed when epithelialisation is the primary mode of wound closure.
If these stages of wound repair are approximately the same in all mammals, some differences in healing may still be observed in a same species such as between horses and ponies.
Differences between horses and ponies
These differences in wound healing have been very well described and studied in the late nineties and later (Wilmink 2008). The clinical implications of these numerous research from Wilmink are that traumatic wounds of ponies heal more favourably with a better prognosis and at a lower cost. [...]
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