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Is Biotherapy with Maggots a Solution to Increase Wound Healing in Equids?
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Introduction
Maggots have been used for the treatment of equine and human wounds for centuries (Jurga et al., 2004; Lepage et al., 2009). Sterile maggots are specifically produced by specialized centres. The action of maggots on wound healing is attributed to (a) a debridement effect, via the production of potent proteolytic enzymes, (b) an antiseptic effect and (c) a direct effect on cytokine and cell proliferation involved in wound cicatrisation. Maggots are very active against MRSA and are of particular interest as it reduces the chances to spread an infection from the wound both systemically and from patient to patient.
Materials and methods
Thirty seven equids (horses, ponies, donkeys) from two weeks to 19-years of age and from both sex are included. Depending on the selected clinical case and on the type of wound, maggots were applied either with a direct (n=32) contact method (free range - Larve E®, ZooBiotic Ltd, Bridgend, England) or with an indirect (n=5) contact method (biobag/contained - LarveE® BioFOAM™, ZooBiotic Ltd, Bridgent, England). Five to ten larvae/cm2 of wounds are usually recommended. Before ordering the free range larvae or the biobag, the veterinarian needs to measure the dimensions of the wound (in centimetres) to estimate a surface area (in cm2 ) and obtain the number of maggot or the size of dressing required for a specific lesion. This can be eventually based on a free range calculator or a dressing size guide provided by the companies. In equine, because wounds are often deeper compared to humans we recommend to multiply the surface area with a measure of the depth (in cm) to obtain a volume. For example a wound of 10 cm long, 3 cm large and approximately 3 cm depth makes a volume of 90cm3 . This value multiplied by 5 gives the minimum number of maggots (n=450) to be ordered. Eggs produced by a colony of L. sericata are then disinfected and transferred to sterile vials before shipping. [...]
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