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Equine Asthma - Just a New Name
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Non-infectious lower airway conditions in horses are known under different names, and the numerous and ever-changing terminologies have led to great confusion in both the equine veterinary scientific and lay communities. Names have changed over time to encompass the newly discovered features of equine lower airway diseases. In the age of “Omics”, both the volume and rapidity of emerging discoveries now make this approach unsustainable.
Until recently, Heaves or RAO (recurrent air-way obstruction) and IAD (inflammatory air-
way diseases) have been used in the English literature to describe these conditions. While these terminologies are suitable in research settings as they are differentiated based on lung function, adequately discriminating clinical signs among these syndromes is not always possible. For instance, “respiratory distress” at rest (dyspnea), a distinctive feature of Heaves that is absent in IAD although clearly defined in the laboratory, is subjective and variable among observers (i.e. tachypnea vs distress) when assessed clinically.
Heaves and IAD share striking similarities with human asthma in terms of etiology, clinical presentation, lung histology and response to therapy. Asthma is a term understood by most horse owners, unlike current terminologies, and its easy translation into many different languages facilitates international dialogue on the disease. For these reasons, the medical term “Equine Asthma” has recently been proposed to facilitate communication between all stake-holders. Of note, equine asthma describes different clinical syndromes, and its diagnosis should not be based only on abnormal laboratory findings. As its clinical and laboratory features, underlying causes and pathophysiological processes are multiple, it has been suggested that equine asthma be further defined to encompass currently known phenotypes (observable physical properties including measurable laboratory findings) and, eventually, newly emerging endotypes (a subtype of a disease defined by a molecular mechanism, a genetic variation or a treatment response). […]
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
Professor of Equine Internal Medicine, Director, Equine Asthma Laboratory, Associate Dean - Research, University of Montreal, Canada.
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