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Clinical findings and risk factors of periodontal disease in Chilean horses
Pellerano Francia, Joaquin; Guerra...
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Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is a prevalent issue in equine dentistry, significantly impacting horse health and performance. However, limited reports exist on its prevalence and correlated risk factors, particularly in Chilean pure breed horses. Objectives: This study aims to characterize and classify PD lesions in horses of different breeds in Chile, estimate risk factors (diet, breed, age), and the correlated presence of dental malocclusions. Methods: A total of 89 horses of four different breeds were subjected to dental examinations (Chilean pure breed: 36; Arabians: 7; Jumpers: 39; and Thoroughbreds: 7). They were divided into two groups based on PD presence (46 Healthy; 43 PD group). Variables registered in the PD group included periodontal pocket depth and width, diastema location, peripheral cementum appearance, gingival clinical aspect, periodontal disease grades, and other dental issues. Data analysis involved central tendency statistics and logistic regression (OR). Results: A significant correlation of 78% was found between the presence of diastema and PD. The distribution of diastema location and associated PD was observed in mandibular arcade triadan 310/309. The most prevalent classification was PD Grade 1 (56%), with periodontal pockets ranging from 5 to 9 mm. Gingival inflammation (gingivitis) and peripheral cementum staining were significant clinical findings, observed in 80% and 78% of cases, respectively. Furthermore, 84% of horses with PD had type 1 dental malocclusions. Regarding the risk factors, diet did not exhibit a statistically significant relationship with periodontal disease (p=0.23). Age showed statistical significance (OR=1.47; p=0.00010), as did the horse’s breed, suggesting a potentially higher risk for Chilean purebred horses compared to other breeds. Conclusions: Chilean pure breed horses demonstrate similar clinical PD findings to other latitudes. Identified risk factors include age and breed, with probably higher risk of Chilean pure breed horse than other breed studied.
References
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
1 UNAB, HCV Equinos, viña del mar, Chile ; 2 UNAB, HCV Equinos, Santiago, Chile
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