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Arthroscopy for Osteochondritis Dissecans
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This condition affects the articular (joint) cartilage, and often also involves the subchondral bone just beneath the cartilage surface. Generally, a dissecting lesion develops that involves cartilage, or cartilage, and bone, and the dissection plane ultimately reaches the joint surface. Although multiple joints can be affected, this is unusual and commonly only one joint is involved. However, bilateral involvement (either stifle joints or both hock joints etc.) is sufficiently common that the opposite joint should always be radiographed. Nonetheless, it is uncommon for the hocks and stifles, or the stifles and shoulders, to be involved in the same animal at the same time. It is also uncommon to treat OCD in one joint(s) and have it develop at a later time in other joints.
It is theorized that clinical signs develop when the joint surface is breached by the dissecting lesion. Sometimes the OCD fragment will completely detach and become a free body or joint mouse. In most cases however, the fragments remain loosely attached in their bone of origin, but the debris that is released into the joint from beneath the flap results in synovitis or joint inflammation, and the clinical signs of pain and lameness that are seen with the disease.
OCD can affect many joints, but the most common joints involved are the hock, stifle, and fetlock. Shoulder joints also get OCD but are less frequently affected.
Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Femoropatellar (Stifle) Joint
The femoropatellar joint is one of the principal joints affected with OCD. Although stifle OCD can be diagnosed in almost any breed, it seems to be more common in Thoroughbreds than in other breeds. Approximately 60% of affected horses will be one year of age or less at the time the condition becomes symptomatic, and younger animals that develop clinical signs often have more severe damage within the joint. However, incidental lesions are sometimes identified in older horses where no clinical signs have ever been observed. [...]
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