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Role of IgE and Perspectives on Clinical Allergy Testing
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Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) or heaves, is a common condition in mature stabled horses characterised by small airway inflammation, airway neutrophilia and obstruction following exposure of susceptible horses to mouldy hay and straw. The disease shares some similarities with human asthma. However, the role of IgE-mediated reactions and the specific allergens involved in RAO remains unclear. Earlier studies suggested that RAO is a hypersensitivity reaction to inhaled moulds present in hay and straw: Skin tests, pulmonary challenge experiments and in vitro histamine release assays suggested that Aspergillus fumigatus, Faenia rectivirgula1,2, Alternaria spp.3 and Mucor spp.4 are implicated in the aetiology of RAO. However, results from intradermal testing (IDT) are controversial: McGorum et al.5 as well as Lorch et al.6 showed that RAO-affected horses as well as RAO-unaffected horses react to IDT with various allergens but no significant difference could be detected between both groups of horses. Conversely, in some other studies, RAO-affected horses reacted significantly more frequently to IDT than controls7,8. Immediate, late-phase and delayed hypersensitivity reaction types have been described5,8,9. These discrepancies can partly be explained by the fact that IDT and the allergens used are not standardised for the horse and findings from different investigations are thus difficult to compare.
In the past, several studies have investigated the role of IgE antibodies in the pathogenesis of equine allergic diseases10-12. However, these investigations have been hindered by problems inherent to the use of polyclonal antibodies for detection of equine IgE. Recently, monoclonal antibodies or other reagents such as the α chain of the IgE receptor13-15 have allowed specific detection of IgE in horse serum but only few studies have been performed with these new reagents so far. […]
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