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The Microbial Pathogenesis of Equine Colic
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Colic is a major issue in equine practice as horses are highly susceptible to that syndrome. Among the pathologic mechanisms occurring in the development of colic, changes in the cecal bacterial communities were suggested long ago (Goodson et al, 1988). These changes were provoked by an abrupt diet change from hay to concentrate. Nutritional-related risk factors responsible for changes in the microbiota diversity or activity and thus on an increased occurrence of colic have been proposed. Most of these changes have been studied using culture-based methods, initiating the understanding of the interaction between nutrition, microbiota and host responses. Technological advances have led to multiple novel culture-independent technologies that can be used to analyze and describe the microbiota composition, either based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, or on metagenomic sequencing methods that sequence any microbial DNA present in the gut. These technologies have been used to analyze microbial shifts in the human gut (eg in inflammatory bowel disease patients), but applications in the veterinary field are now also emerging ...
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