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Development disorders of the head : Brachygnatia inferior and superior
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1 . Introduction
Mandibular brachygnathia is a congenital defect in foals. If contact between the incisors is totally absent, the condition is aesthetically undesirable, has the potential to induce cheek teeth wear disorders and – in rare cases - can cause masticatory problems.
Growth retardation of the incisival part of the maxilla is effective in mild cases around the age of 3 months. This can be achieved by the application of a tension band cerclage wire between maxillary incisors and premolar teeth. A dorsal rotation of the incisival part of the mandible can be prevented by the additional use of an acrylic bite plate with Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). However, this treatment option is not feasible for severe cases and older horses.
Successful mandibular osteodistraction has been reported in a severe case of mandibular brachygnathia by Verwilghen et al. (2008) by using an IMEXTM circular external fixator system. Seven horses were treated effectively with corrective osteotomy and fixation with a type I external fixator system (Klaus et al. 2011). This method produced favourable results in a long-term perspective, but a high postoperative morbidity rate occurred due to an unstable fixation technique, leading to prolonged postoperative pain, perforation of the oral mucosa, infection at the osteotomy site and pin tract infection.
Recently the use of novel Locking Compression Plate 3.5/4.5/5.0 Metaphyseal plates (Synthes®, Synthes GmbH, Oberdorf, CH) has been used for stabilisation of a corrective osteotomy to treat a severe form of mandibular brachygnathia. [...]
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