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A Guide to Artificial Ventilation: When, How and with What?
A. Dugdale
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During normal spontaneous inhalation, active expansion of the chest cavity by contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles creates negative pressure in the lungs so that air is effectively sucked into them. Exhalation is a passive process, whereby relaxation of respiratory muscles facilitates elastic recoil of the chest wall and lungs so that air is pushed out under positive pressure. A short pause usually follows the end of exhalation. Horses, however, are a bit different to this ‘human’ model, in that they breathe ‘around’ (rather than ‘up from’), their functional residual capacity and have active and passive components of both inhalation and exhalation. That is, there is a passive, elastic recoil phase, followed by an active, respiratory ...
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK
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