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Toxicity by Accumulation after 31 days of daily high dose administration of Meloxicam in an adult Boer Goat
Villarroel, A.; Mata, J.E.
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Objective: The objective of this case report was to determine the cause for multiple unspecific and apparently unrelated clinical signs in a goat that was being treated for chronic laminitis on all four feet.
Materials and Methods: A 6-year-old intact non-gravid female Boer goat was presented for clinical signs of severe ventral edema, pleuritis, tachypnea, hypopnea, tremors, laminitis, weakness, inappetence and inability to stand. On anamnesis it was discovered that the goat had been treated daily with high doses (1.15 mg/kg) of meloxicam for 31 consecutive days. Observed clinical signs were consistent with meloxicam overdose in humans. Lacking any clinical reports in the literature on treatment options for this presentation, the decision was made to simply discontinue meloxicam and treat the most severe clinical signs (severe ventral edema, pain due to laminitis and inappetence) symptomatically with one session of acupuncture and supportive care.
Results: Given that the half-life of meloxicam in goats is approx. 11 h, complete clearance of the recommend standard dose (0.5 mg/kg (0.23 mg/lb) is estimated at >55 h. These pharmacokinetic properties, therefore, have the potential for toxic accumulation when this dose or a larger dose of meloxicam is administered every 24 h, especially during long-term therapy.
Ventral edema, pain due to laminitis and inappetence markedly improved within 24 hours. Ventral edema subsided completely within 48 hours of the single acupuncture session. All other clinical signs began improving on day 3 after meloxicam discontinuation and resolved completely within 19 days. All hooves presented complete detachment of the wall from the coronary band and required functional trimming over a period of 5 months until regaining full normal morphology.
Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report of meloxicam accumulation toxicity in a ruminant. Based on this case and evidence in studied references, we propose to use lower dose or greater interval between doses (>24 h), and actively monitoring for toxicity signs when administering meloxicam other than at the recommended 0.5 mg/kg (0.23 mg/lb) a single time.
Keywords: Meloxicam, toxicity, toxic accumulation, goat.
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
Athyr Vet, LLC, Philomath, OR, United States;
Ome Naturals, LLC, Corvallis, OR, United States.
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