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Thoracic ultrasonograpy in calves: an affordable diagnostic tool in farms
Buczinski S.
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Thoracic ultrasonography is an emerging field of research for bronchopneumonia diagnosis and management in cattle. The technique can be fastly applied in farms with the same ultrasound unit that is commonly used for reproductive purpose. Thoracic ultrasonography helps to characterize the importance of lung lesions (mainly consolidation) that are negatively associated with health and production outcomes. This ancillary tool can be useful to assess calf lung health and to monitor implementation of mitigation strategies for respiratory disease prevention and treatment. Thoracic ultrasonography is an emerging field of research for bronchopneumonia diagnosis and management in cattle. The technique can be fastly applied in farms with the same ultrasound unit that is commonly used for reproductive purpose. Detection of lung consolidation with ultrasound is reliable between different operators with minimal training. It is important to perform a bilateral examination because unilateral lung lesions are common. The right cranial lung is of special interest in calves and its specific landmark with the internal thoracic artery and vein. Thoracic ultrasonography helps to characterize the importance of lung lesions (mainly lung consolidation) that are negatively associated with health and production outcomes. Animals with lung lesions (using various thresholds and consideration for case definition) have been found at higher risk of dyingor being culled before the first calving. Other findings associated with lung consolidation are decreased average daily gain during the preweaning period and decreased hazard of first pregnancy. Finally, decreased milk production during the first lactation has also been reported. In feedlot, beef and veal calves, thoracic ultrasonography although less studied has also been associated with various negative outcomes.
This ancillary tool can be useful to assess calf lung health and to monitor implementation of mitigation strategies for respiratory disease prevention and treatment. Thoracic ultrasonography is a fast and affordable diagnostic test that can be used calf-side with no specific investment. This is an extra-tool in the bronchopneumonia diagnostic toolbox. However, this is not a magic tool and limitations should be known when trying to implement it in practice.
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About
Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
Faculté of veterinary medicine, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
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