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Systemic and local immune responses of beef calves vaccinated post transportation and at the time of a mild respiratory tract infection
Cortese, V.; Woolums, A.; Karisch...
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Objective: To assess the effect of transportation on immune responses to vaccination in calves.
Materials and Methods: Seventy-five weaned beef calves were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n=25). Group 1 was not transported (NTV) while groups 2 (TV) and 3 (TUV) were transported for 12 hours (day 0). Twelve hours later, NTV and TV were vaccinated intranasally with modified live bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine herpesvirus −1 (BHV-1) and parainfluenza virus type 3(PI3V), and subcutaneously with modified live bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV) 1 and 2 with Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh) leukotoxoid vaccine. Nasal secretions and serum were collected pre and post vaccination for measurement of nasal interferon alpha, beta, and gamma and IgA to BHV-1 and BRSV, and serum neutralizing (SN) titers to BHV-1, BRSV, and BVDV 1 and 2.
Results: At vaccination some cattle had nasal discharge, fever, and coughing. Nasal swabs tested for common respiratory viruses pre-vaccination were negative. During the study, 5 cattle were treated for naturally occurring BRD. The BHV-1 and BVDV 1 and 2 SN titers were significantly higher in vaccinated than nonvaccinated calves on days 14 and 21. BVDV2 titers were significantly higher in TV than NTV. Response to vaccination was demonstrated in the systemic, but not nasal antibody responses.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that cattle can mount a humoral response to vaccination in spite of transport and respiratory disease. Differences in serum and nasal responses further demonstrates the division between the local and systemic immune systems.
Keywords: Mucosal, immunity, vaccination, stress, shipping.
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
Zoetis, Simpsonville, United States;
Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, United States;
Zoetis, Parsippany, United States.
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