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Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii in breeding ewes from western Mexico
Gómez, J.A.; Esparza, L.M.; Tristán...
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The objective of the study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii in breeding sheep from western Mexico. 184 blood samples were collected in six municipalities of the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Sampling was performed by venipuncture of the jugular vein using tubes without anticoagulant. To obtain serum, blood samples were centrifuged at 3,000 revolutions per minute for five minutes. Serum was placed in 1.5 mL polystyrene tubes and stored at -20°C until use.
Diagnosis was made using the commercial ELISA kit [IDEXX Toxotest Ab Test, IDEXX Lab- oratories, Inc., Westbrook, Maine], with 100% specificity and 98.9% sensitivity. The manufacturer's recommendations were followed, diluting the sera 1:400; the plates were read at an optical density of 450 nanometers and a cut-off point of > 0.30. Determination of positive and negative cases was performed using xChekPlus software [IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, Maine].
During the visit to the farms, a survey was applied with the objective of identifying possible risk factors, through a logistic regression analysis, calculation of Odds Ratio (OR) and Confidence Intervals (CI). The OR values were estimated using the independent variables that showed sta- tistical significance in the multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). The analysis was carried out using the Statistics and Data Science (STATA) v. 10.1 software. An overall seroprevalence of 61.96% (114/184; 95% CI 62.09 – 61.81) was identified. The identified risk factors were: Poor hygiene conditions (OR 12.5; 95% CI 3.4 - 45.1 P<0.05), Presence of cats (OR 9.5; 95% CI 1.9 - 45.7 P<0.05), Presence of others domestic animals (OR 5.7; 95% CI 1.5 – 21.3 P<0.05), Urban context of the farm (OR 9.5; 95% CI 2.5 – 35.4 P<0.05) Public water supply (OR 5.3; 95% CI 1.0 – 26.1 P<0.05).
In conclusion, T. gondii is an important parasite in sheep farms in western Mexico, identifying a high seroprevalence that may be associated with reproductive losses. The risk factors identified in this study may be useful to veterinarians in the region, farmers, and health personnel to reduce exposure to this parasite and the damage it causes to public and animal health.
Keywords: Parasite, Protozoan, Serology, Sheep Farm, Mexico.
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
Instituto Tecnológico el Llano Aguascalientes, El Llano, Aguascalientes, Mexico;
Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico.
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