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Risk factors for BVDV introduction into Dutch dairy herds in a national control programme
Strous, E.; Bisschop, I.; Mars, J...
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Objectives: After many years of voluntary control and decreasing prevalence, a national control programme for bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is in place for Dutch dairy herds since 2018. Introduction of BVDV is minimized by regulations with respect to purchase of cattle from herds with a lower BVDV status. However, BVDV was introduced in several tens of herds in 2019-2021. The aim of the study was to determine risk factors for introduction of BVDV in the context of the national control programme.
Material & Methods: In a case-control design, herds with a confirmed BVDV introduction (cases) were compared with control herds that were located near the case herd, which remained free of BVDV. Both case and control herds were visited by a veterinarian and an extensive questionnaire was applied about the possible risk factors for BVDV introduction in the previous two years. In total, 149 cases and 148 controls were visited. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the significant risk factors (P<0.05).
Results: The final multivariable model consisted of seven risk factors. Purchasing cattle from non-free herds (OR=1.25) and cattle from other herds that escaped and mingled with cattle from the own herd (OR=1.16) were risk factors related to direct animal contact. Risk factors for indirect external contact were: distance of less than 500m to beef cattle herds (OR=1.15), a permanent employee (OR=1.17) and the farmer working outside the farm in other cattle herds (OR=1.25). Risk factors that seemed more related to internal biosecurity were: housing of adult cattle and calves in the same barn (OR=1.22) and use of a group pen for calving (OR=1.16).
Conclusion: In conclusion, the risk factors for introduction of BVDV in free herds varied considerable between herds and had fairly low odds, indicating that there were many smaller biosecurity risks that need to be mitigated.
Keywords: BVDV, biosecurity, control programme.
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
Royal GD, Deventer, Netherlands
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