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Perineoplastic surgery for the treatment of pneumovagina in dairy cows
Mrowiec, J.; Król, D.; Pietrasina...
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Objectives: The infertility associated with anatomical disorders seems to be greatly underestimated in bovine medicine. The genital tracts injuries and scars are the main source of anatomical and physiological dysfunction often caused by peri-calving disturbances. Pneumovagina is a condition associated with air aspiration into vagina, usually caused by the leakiness of vulva. It could lead to excessive starching of vagina, accumulation of urine and mucosal irritation conducted chronical inflammation of genital track causing infertility. Surgery targeted on restoration of labial closure could be an effective method of pneumovagina treatment.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of peri-neoplastic surgery as a method of treatment of pneumovagina in dairy cows.
Materials and methods: The study was performed between November 2018 to February 2020 in two regions of Poland in 36 family farms on 60 dairy cows with diagnosed pneumovagina. Before every surgery, rectal palpation and ultrasound examination of genital track were performed to exclude other pathologies than pneumovagina. In the presence of pathological discharge together with pneumovagina, intra- uterine antibiotic infusion (gentamycine, 20 mg/animal) was performed before operation.
Premedication before surgery was performed with xylazine (2 mg / 100 kg of body weight (BW)) and epidural anesthesia with procaine (20 mg / 100 kg BW). The incision was carried out at the border between the skin and mucous membrane of the labia from the dorsal symphysis to the bottom of the designated area. Then mucosa and submucosal tissue were prepared to create the vault limiting new, reduced labial closure. In simply case there was no tissue removal.
In more complicated cases, scar tissue was resected and labial structure was reconstructed. Then, the dissected tissues were sutured with three layers of sutures with absorbable PGA monofilament USP 2. The first layer was made with Lambert's or Cushing’s suture to connect the vulva mucosa. The second one was joined with a straight or inter- rupted suture. The skin was connected with an intradermal suture. At least a two-week recovery period was recommended after surgery before insemination.
Results: By the end of February 2020, pregnancy was confirmed in 41 out of 60 operated cows (68 %). In 19 patients (46 % of pregnant cows), the first artificial insemination (AI) after the procedure was successful, in some cases two, three or four AIs were necessary. There was no postoperative complication as extended healing, oedema or abscesses. Among all cows already delivered in 4 cases there was a vulvar rupture during parturition following perineoplastic surgery.
Conclusions: Perineoplastic surgery is an effective method of pneumovagina treatment in dairy cows. It allows to restore labial closure without creating large scar limiting vulvar elasticity.
Keywords: Pneumovagina, surgery, bovine.
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
Hipra Polska Sp. z o. o., Warszawa, Poland;
Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland;
Ovet, Koźmin Wielkopolski, Poland.
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