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Male Lidia cattle morphometric study using photogrammetry technique
Pérez, J.M.L.; Alonso, M.
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Objectives: Lidia cattle constitute an autochthonous breed whose production has great economic and social importance in Spain, Portugal, southern France and some Latin American countries. In Spain, it is the most numerous autochthonous bovine breed and the second, in censuses, after the Friesian. Although in recent years the knowledge about the different genetic variety or encastes of Lidia breed has increased substantially, still there are only a few morphometric and zoometrical studies because the difficulty of applying the techniques commonly used in other cattle breeds. The particular patterns of behavior called bravura and the extensive rearing conditions made impossible the handling and restraining necessary for the realization of traditional manual measures using standard zoometric tools such as sticks, non-elastic measuring tape, compass, goniometers and calipers.
Considering all of the previously mentioned difficulties the aim of this study was to carry out a first approach to the morphological characterization of the males of Lidia breed using a novel technique for zoometric measurements, called photogrammetry.
Materials and Methods: A total of 184 bulls, 4 to 6 years old, from 21 herds representatives of the 15 genetic lines Miura, Pablo Romero, Veragua, Murube, Santa Coloma-Buendía, Santa Coloma-Graciliano, Gamero Cívico, Conde de la Corte, Atanario-Lisardo, Domecq, Torrestrella, Núñez, Albaserrada, Vega-Villar and Navarra, were used in this study. Farms were chosen for their genetic purity and their clearly belonging to anencaste reflected in the racial prototype.
The animals were photographed from a distance between 10 to 15 meters, to minimize the risk for operator and the disturbance of the animals, with a three cameras photogrammetric equipment, patented by our research group, adapted for both arena and farm conditions. The photographs were further processed and transformed into three dimension files with software PhotoModeler Scanner 2010© for Windows©. For each bull 20 standardized morphological measurements were obtained following the reviewed literature standars. A descriptive statistical analysis, ANOVA and determination of Pearson correlation coefficients of the measurements were performed using SPSS® 19.0 package for Windows©.
Results: Fighting bulls can be described as mid-sized compared with bovine species with a mean height at withers of 128 ± 7.7 cm with significant differences between the smallest encastes Vega-Villar (111 ± 3.5) and Navarra (113 ± 6.9) and the biggest Miura (136 ± 6.3) and Pablo Romero (135 ± 2.8). There are significant correlations between the heights at withers, loins, rump and tail, with the highest correlation value between height at rump and height at tail (0.96). The mean value of body length of Lidia bull (150 ± 10.8) is shorter than other autochthonous Spanish breeds, with significant differences between Miura (162 ± 4.4) and Vega-Villar (127 ± 7.7). Males of Lidia breed presented a harmonic morphostructural model with 59% of their parameters positively correlated. The encastes Núñez, Domecq, Gamero Cívico, Albaserrada and Santa Coloma (Gracialiano and Buendia lines) presented similar morphological characteristics with mean values of heights and greater exterior length of the horns with a maximum mean value of 72 ± 2.7 cm in the Gamero Cívico animals. These encastes shared a common phylogenetic provenance (Vista- hermosa).
cm Farms were chosen for their genetic purity and their clearly belonging to an encaste reflected in the racial prototype, in which animals were analyzed 17 morphological measurements standardized.
Conclusions: The results showed that Lidia males present smaller dimension than other autochthonous Spanish breeds with a considerable internal variability of the parameters evaluated and a high relation between these morphometric measures and the characteristic morphology for each encaste reported in the descriptions of the breed made visually.
Keywords: Lidia cattle, bull, fighting bull.
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain; 2Universidad de León, León, Spain
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