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Internal teat sealant retention after selective dry cow therapy in dairy cows
Swinkels, J.M.; Deterink, A...
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Objectives: Internal teat sealants (ITS) are increasingly used in the EU for prophylaxis of new IMI in the dry period due to their efficacy and the concerns for prophylactic use of antibiotics (AB). ITS require no milk withdrawal time, and residues may enter the bulk tank and end up in cheese, affecting the image of the dairy industry. Current ITS residue data are mainly based on visual presence, and objective data of their weight in time after calving are lacking. The primary objective was to determine the quantity of ITS excreted in milk, when used alone or combined with AB, during the first week after calving.
Materials & Methods: The study was conducted on 3 farms in NL, and 4 in DE, selected on availability of DHI records, a conventional milking system, milking 2x/d and willingness to participate and comply to the protocol. Cows were treated with AB (Cefa-safe®, MSD Animal Health) in all 4 quarters only when the last monthly DHI test before dry-off (DO) showed a cow SCC > 200k cells/ml (high SCC). All cows were dried off with ITS (ShutOut®, MSD Animal Health). At DO, teat end callosity score, body condition score, milk leakage and udder pressure were measured.
Cow eligibility at DO included pregnancy, expected DO period > 32 d, > 3 functional quarters, milk yield > 5 L, good general health, and absence of clinical mastitis and concomitant treatment within 30 d of DO. During the 1st 7 DIM, 50 ml of milk was collected pre-milking at each milking, centrifuged, and the amount of remaining ITS and milk solids weighed. ITS in mg/milking was calculated by deducting the tubes total weight from the final 2 milkings, assuming no TS was left in the tubes (± 2SD), from the weight of the tube including all its content (ITS + milk solids). Quarter milk samples were collected aseptically prior to the final milking and DO treatment, and at 3 DIM, to determine etiology and SCC. Clinical mastitis events and general health were monitored from D0 to 30 DIM. ITS retention and treatment effects will be evaluated using generalized linear mixed models.
Results: A total of 103 cows were included in the preliminary analysis, 76 cows were 'high SCC' at DO, and treated with ITS+AB, and 27 cows were 'low SCC' at DO and treated with ITS alone. At DO, 63.5% of quarters were cultured positive and most identified pathogens were Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS, 20.8%), Staph. aureus (5.9%) and Lactococcus species (2.1%). At 3 DIM, 48% of quarters were cultured positive, and most identified pathogens were NAS (12.3%), Staph. aureus (1.4%), E. coli and yeast (both 1.2%). Bacteriological cure or new infection rate analysis is ongoing. Just prior to the 1st milking, 76.6% of quarters (n=423) contained ITS > minimum detection limit, quickly declining to 26.7% at the 2nd milking, 8.3% at the 3rd milking, and at 1.8% at the 14th milking. The ITS excretion curve analysis in g/milking is ongoing. Differences could be detected between the ITS retention when combined with AB or not.
Preliminary efficacy analysis of ITS was based on 219 quarters, 98 with a qSCC < 200k cells/ml and 121 qSCC > 200k cells/ml at DO. Comparing qSCC data (n=219) at DO and at d3 after calving, using a qSCC of 200k cells/ml as a threshold for imm infection, prevention of new infection rate, cure rate, new infection rate and rate of failure to cure, was 74.5%, 71.9%, 25.5%, and 28.1%, respectively. Generalized linear mixed models to identify risk factors for ITS retention and ITS efficacy are currently developed and the analysis is ongoing.
Conclusion: ITS residues were detected in 76.6% of quarters at the 1st milking after calving, declining to < 10% of quarters at the 3rd milking, and < 2% of quarters at the 14th milking. Differences in ITS excretion were detected when combined with AB or not. This study shows the importance for farmers to comply to EU regulations to not enter colostrum in the bulk milk tank and to install milk filters to prevent ITS residues from entering the bulk tank.
Keywords: Teat sealant, dry cow therapy, dairy cattle.
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
MSD Animal Health, Boxmeer, Netherlands;
Royal GD Animal Health, Deventer, Netherlands;
Hannover University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hannover, Germany;
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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