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Gain and loss of fat depots mass in dairy Holstein cows with different body condition during the transition period and early lactation
Szura, G.; Schäfers, S.; Von...
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Objectives: Dairy cows suffer from negative energy balance (NEB) during the transition and early lactation period. NEB is an outcome of nutrient demand of late gestation, onset of lactation and inadequate feed intake. Body reserves, mainly from subcutaneous (SCAT) and abdominal adipose tissues (AAT), are mobilized to compensate NEB. Previous studies found differences in accumulation and mobilization of fat, as well as functional disparities between SCAT and AAT. The aim of this study was to compare the gain and loss of SCAT and AAT depot masses in Holstein dairy cows with initially lower and higher body condition (mean body condition score (BCS): 3.48 and 3.87, respectively) in the period from day (d)-42 to d70 relative to parturition.
Materials and methods: The study was performed at the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Braunschweig, Germany. Estimated depot mass (eDM) of SCAT, AAT, retroperitoneal (RPAT), omental (OMAT) and mesenteric (MAT) adipose de- pot was determined by ultrasonography on d-42, 7, 28 and 70. Thirty-one pluriparous German Holstein cows were allocated into two experimental groups according to the eDM of SCAT on d-42 relative to parturition (low body condition (LBC) group: n=16, mean eDM 8.61 kg; high BC (HBC) group: n=15, mean eDM 15.6 kg). Average daily change (aDC; prepartum gain and postpartum loss) of adipose mass was calculated for the dry (DP; d-42 to d7), fresh cow (FCP; d7 to d28) and early lac- tation periods (ELP; d28 to d70). Additionally, dry matter intake (DMI) and lactation performance were recorded.
Results: Animals of the two experimental groups represented adequate and over-conditioned cows. The AAT depot had about 2 to 3 times higher mass than SCAT. Prepartum the AAT gain during the DP was greater compared to SCAT (0.33 kg/d vs. 0.14 kg/d). More fat mass was lost from AAT than SCAT depot after calving (0.23 kg/d vs. 0.14 kg/d). Cows of both groups had similar gains in AAT (0.33 kg/d) and SCAT (0.14 kg/d) masses during the DP. However, more adipose tissue was mobilized by HBC than LBC cows from both depots after calving (AAT: HBC vs. LBC: 0.30 vs. 0.17 kg/d; SCAT: HBC vs. LBC: 0.19 vs. 0.10 kg/d). Correlation analysis revealed that the higher was the gain of AAT mass (r2: 0.36) during DP the higher was the loss in FCP. This was not the case for SCAT. In contrast to AAT, during FCP, a more negative EB was associated with a greater loss of SCAT mass (r2: 0.18).
Conclusions: The results indicate that compared to SCAT the AAT depot is considerably bigger and is preferentially mobilized after parturition to compensate NEB. Correlation analysis revealed functional differences between AAT and SCAT depots. Greater knowledge of differences between AAT and SCAT depots could improve our understanding of excessive lipomobilization and its effects on health and performance of dairy cows during the transition period.
Keywords: Dairy cattle, adipose depot, ultrasonografy, transition period, fat mobilization.
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About
Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany;
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Braunschweig, Germany.
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