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Factors affecting milk fatty acid composition on Galician Holsteins cows: a field study
Rodríguez-Bermúez, R.; Fouz, R...
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During the last decades, milk fatty acid composition (mFAc) has gained the interest of manufacturers and consumers as it influences nutritional, physical and flavor properties of dairy products (Bobe et al. 2007). Previous studies reported several factors, including individual variability, genetic parameters, and breed, influencing mFAc (Samková et al. 2012). The aim of the present study was to evaluate type of ration, calving number, lactation phase and season impact on fatty acid composition, including myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1), saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA) and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration in cow's milk in 25 Galician (NW Spain) commercial dairy farms. 10,098 test-days samples from the 1,557 cows were collected from July 2018 to June 2019 and bronopol-preserved samples from Laboratorio Interprofesional Galego de Análise do Leite (LIGAL, Spain) were received. Quantity of C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, SFA, MUFA, PUFA and SCFA, MCFA, LCFA and total FA (in g/100 g of milk), as well as, fat and protein % and milk β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration (in all the animals from 1st post‐partum (PP) test day) were determined individually by infrared-FTIR (Fourier transformed infrared-FTIR, MilkoScan FT6000, Foss Electric, Hillerød, Denmark). On top of this analysis, data from each test-day, including cow ID, date, parity (1st, 2nd and ≥3rd), type of ration (pasture based, grass silage-based total mixed ration (TMR), corn silage-based TMR or grass/corn silage-based TMR), days in milk (DIM) and daily milk yield were recorded. For analysis, animals were classified into five categories: fresh cows without ketosis (DIM ≤ 35 and BHB concentration in the first PP test-day < 0.10 mM/L), fresh cows with ketosis (DIM ≤ 35 and BHB ≥ 0.10 mM/L), peak lactation (DIM > 35 to 90), mid lactation (DIM 91-210) and late lactation (DIM >210).
Data were analyzed descriptively and by means of mixed-effect ordinal regression models. Animals feeding corn silage-based total mixed rations (TMR) and grass/corn silage based-TMR had higher C14:0, C16:0 and SFA concentrations than those feeding pasture-based rations, but lower concentrations of C18:0 and PUFA. Comparing to 1st parity cows, 2nd parity animals had higher C16:0, SFA and SCFA concentrations and 3rd parity cows had higher C18:0, SFA and SCFA. With respect to spring, C14:0, C16:0 and SFA concentrations increased in summer, autumn and winter while MUFA, PUFA and SCFA concentrations decreased. In the case of C18:0 and C18:1, concentrations decreased in autumn and winter. Considering the lactation phase, C14:0, C16:0 and SFA concentrations decreased in fresh cows with ketosis comparing to healthy fresh cows and increased in peak, mid, and late lactation (using again healthy fresh cows as reference). C18:0, C18:1 and MUFA follow the opposite trend. Milk fatty acid profile varies significantly with type of ration, calving number, lactation phase and season. The fact that the fatty acid profile has been associated with animal health, organoleptic properties of milk or even methane production highlights the importance of studying factors that affect its variation.
Keywords: Milk, Fatty acid, holstein.
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
Departamento de Anatomía, Produción Animal e Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo, Spain;
ABS Progenex, Madrid, Spain.
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