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Elucidation of the efficacy of fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) in healing calves with intractable diarrhea
Islam, J.; Tanimizu, M.; Shimizu, Y...
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Objectives: Fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) has shown promising results that indicate the effective treatment of diarrhea in calves although the mechanisms by which FMT works has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study is to elucidate the efficacy of FMT in intractable diarrhea treatment and searching the potential bacterial taxa and metabolites responsible for FMT success.
Materials & Methods: Total 20 FMT trials, in which feces obtained from healthy donors were intrarectally transferred into recipient calves with diarrhea, were performed. Fecal samples were collected from donors on the day of FMT and from recipients before and on days 1 and 7 after the FMT. The samples were analyzed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metabolomics via capillary electrophoresis time- of-flight mass spectrometry, and ELISA, respectively.
Results: Among the 20 FMT treatment, total 14 (70%) treatment were succeeded based on the clinical findings, diarrheal, metagenomics and metabolomics results. Considering the beta diversity, unweighted unifrac distance was found significantly different before FMT (D-success vs R0-success), but not in after FMT at day 7 (D-success vs R7-success) in successful FMT group. In unsuccessful FMT treatment, there was no significant difference observed between donor and recipient in before and after FMT. Thus, in unsuccessful FMT treatment group, calf exhibit impaired engraftment of the FMT bacterial community and failed to restore the commensal bacteria as well as metabolites, due to lack of optimal donor. On the other hand, genus Selenomonas confirmed donor–recipient compatibility in successful FMT treatments. A strong positive correlation between the microbiome and metabolome data, which is a prerequisite factor for FMT success, was confirmed by Procrustes analysis in successful FMT (r = 0.7439, P = 0.0001). A reduction in fecal amino acid concentration was observed in succeed treatment, which is strongly correlate with the remission of diarrhea. Additionally, weighted gene correlation network analysis confirmed the positively or negatively correlated pairs of bacterial taxa (family Veillonellaceae) and metabolomics features (i.e., amino acids and short-chain fatty acids) responsible for FMT success.
Conclusions: The findings obtained from the present study suggest that the FMT may directly or indirectly promote the cohabitation of certain bacterial taxa, which facilitate to recover recipient calves from intractable diarrhea in successful FMT treatment group.
Keywords: Diarrhea, microbiome, transplantation, metagenomics, metabolomics.
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan;
Chiba Prefectural Federated Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Chiba, Japan.
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