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Effect of puerperal metritis occurrence on reproductive efficiency and milk production in grazing dairy cow
Corva, S.; Dominguez, G.; Ravera, E...
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Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of puerperal metritis (PM) occurrence on reproductive efficiency and milk production in a dairy farm in Argentina (~2800 milking cows).
Material and Methods: An observational retrospective study, including a total of 16856 records of cows calving from January 1st, 2010 to December 31st, 2016, was used. At parturition, calving assistance was recorded (ACAL; normal, slight or severe assistance, c-section, abortion), and retention of fetal membranes (RFM) was recorded. All cows were examined for the diagnosis of PM (0-3) during the first two weeks after calving. Only cows diagnosed with PM3 (enlarged uterus and a fetid watery red-brown uterine discharge and signs of systemic illness [decreased milk yield, dullness, or other signs of toxemia]) were treated (TRT) with ceftiofur (6.6 mg/kg BW, SC; Excede, Zoetis Argentina). Cows were rechecked a week later, and cows with PM0 were diagnosed as clinically cured (CCURE), and cows with PM1-2 were diagnosed as partially cured (PCURE). Only cows with PM3 were treated again with the same protocol until clinically cured or culled from the herd. After three weeks, post-partum cows were examined for diagnosis of clinical endometritis (CE, 0-3). After having a 50 days voluntary waiting period (VWP), cows were AI at detected heat. Reproductive efficiency was measured by percent of IA cows by 80 (AI80) days postpartum (dpp), percent of pregnant cows by 100 (PRE100) and percent of open cows by 200 (OPE200) dpp, percent of pregnancy losses to first pregnant AI (LOSS1P), and interval from calving to first IA (C1AI) and to conception (ICC). Also, milk production (kg) at 150 (MP150) and 305 (MP305) days of lactation were measured.
Results: During the first week of calving, the occurrence of PM0-PM3 was 47.72%, 14.04%, 22.99%, and 15.25% (8043, 2366, 3874, and 2571/16854, respectively). First lactation cows had higher occurrence of PM3 compared to 2+ lactation cows (22.96% [1510/6578] vs 10.32% [1061/10276]; P<0.01), and cows calving during the spring had higher occurrence of PM3 compared to cows calving the rest of the year (17.45% [634/3634] vs 11.94% [1937/16218]; P<0.01). Of a total 2571 cases of PM3 diagnosed, 2439 had registered TRT information and were used for further analysis. The CCURE rate 24.89% (607/2439) and the PCURE rate was 53.59% (1307/2439). About 18.49% (451/2439) of the cases did not respond to TRT and remained PM3; and 3.03% (74/2439) of the cases were TRT but were not rechecked by the veterinarian.
Furthermore, 39.66% of PM3 persisted as CE after 21 dpp. The interval calving to PM3 TRT was 8.81±0.77 d. Ret- rospectively, cows with PM3 had more ACAL and RFM compared to cows without PM0 (52.98% [1362/2571] vs 72.63% [5842/8043], P<0.01; 14.16% [364/2571] vs 2.00% [161/8043], P<0.01). Also, more cows with PM3 failed to persist in the herd for a subsequent lactation compared to PM0 cows (27.15% [698/2571] vs 26.00% [2091/8043], P<0.01). Cows with PM3 had a lower IA80 and PRE100, and higher OPE200 compared to PM0 cows (58.37 [1465/2510] vs 64.55 [5036/7802], 30.89 [767/2483] vs 37.59 [2897/7706], 30.74% [710/2310] vs 25.64 [1843/7188]; P<0.01, respectively). Furthermore, cows with PM3 had 4% more pregnancy losses compared to PM0 cows (30.12% [635/2108] vs 25.97% [1742/6709], P<0.01). Pregnancy rate to first IA (IC1AI) and day open (ICC) were 3 and 10 days longer for PM3 compared to PM0 cows (76.43±0.41 [n=2260] vs 73.67±0.22 [n=7108]; 134.42±1.43 [n=1982] vs 124.34±0.77 [n=6379]; P<0.01, respectively). Cows with PM3 produced 460 kg and 675 kg less of milk compared to PM0 cows (5055.91±11.82 [n=6961] vs 4595.62±19.55 [n=2335]; 9016.34±37.35 [n=1750] vs 9691.85±22.58 [n=4834]; P<0.01, respectively).
Conclusions: Cows with PM3 have more pregnancy losses, more days open, and produced less milk at 150 and 305 days of lactation compared to PM0 cows. The clinical cure rate and partial cure rate for PM3 cows were low, and many PM3 cows developed CE after 21 dpp.
Keywords: Puerperal metritis, treatment, reproductive efficiency, milk production, dairy cows.
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About
Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina;
Private Practice, Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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