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The effect of coxiella burnetii inactived vaccine on reproductive parameters and milk yield in Holstein cows
Yilmazbas-Mecitoglu, G.; Yildiz, G...
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Coxiella burnetii inactivated vaccine on reproductive parameters and milk yield in Holstein cows.
Material & Methods: A total of 575 pregnant cows (165- 170 days of pregnancy) were examined serologically and distributed to the research groups. While the cows were serologically positive formed the Positive Control (n=174, PosC) group, the cows that were serologically negative for Coxiella brunetii were randomly assigned into two groups: The cows were vaccinated formed the Negative Vaccine (n=175, NegV) and were not vaccinated served as Negative Control (n=226, NegC) The cows in the NegV were vaccinated 3 weeks apart with Coxiella burnetii inactivated vaccine (4 ml, s.c. Coxevac®, Ceva, Istanbul, Turkey) and serological examinations were repeated 3-4 weeks later to determine the efficacy of the vaccine. During the study, pregnancy, birth, postpartum, and lactation processes of the cows were monitored. At the end of voluntary waiting period, the cows were inseminated with modified G6G protocol for the first service and the cows whose unable to get pregnant were received resynchronisation protocol. Pregnancy examinations performed by ultrasonography.
Results: The abortion rate was 2.7% (6/226) in NegC, 1.1% (2/175) in NegV, 0.6% (1/174) in PosC group. Due to the different reasons 21 cows were culled thus 554 cows were monitored for postpartum period; The incidence of stillbirth was 1.9% (4/210) in NegC and 3.5% (6/170) in PosC groups, no stillbirth cases were observed in the NegV (0/169) group. Fetal membrane retention was 14.5% (31/214), 10.0% (17/170) and 9.4% (16/170) in NegC, NegV and PosC groups, respectively. The incidence of metritis was 8.4% (18/214) in NegC, 10.6% (18/170) in NegV and 7.1% (12/170) in PosC groups. The total of 477 cows were able to be evaluated for reproductive parameters since there were cows (n=98) that culled for different reasons. First service conception rate was 29.8% (54/181) in NegC, 30.1% (43/143) in NegV, 34.4% 52/151 in PosC groups. Number of inseminations per pregnancy were 1.56 (128/82) in NegC, 1.39 (96/69) in NegV and 1.44 (89/88) in PosC groups. Embryonic loss rates were determined as 6.0% (5/83) in NegC, 9.2% (7/76) in NegV and 11.1% (11/99) in PosC groups. The rate of repeat breeder cows was determined as 4.9% (9/181) in NegC, 2.8% in NegV (4/144) and 4.6% (7/152) in PosC groups. The data belongs to the cows were completed for the first 100 days; In the NegC (n=184), NegV (n=147) and PosC (n=154), the total milk yield in the first 100 days was recorded as 4739.65 ± 46.56 kg, 4772.81 ± 55.27 and 4752.82 ± 47.92 kg; mean peak yield was recorded as 56.21 ± 0.50 kg/day, 56.39 ± 0.53, and 55.91 ± 0.56 kg/ day. While the mean peak day was 64.03 ± 2.13 DIM in NegV, it was 67.07 ± 2.43 DIM in PosC, which was higher (P<0.05) than in Neg C (61.28 ± 1.74 DIM) groups.
Conclusion: In conclusion, it was found that the cows have no Coxiella burnetii antibody at the beginning of the study (NegC) had numerically higher abortion and retention of fetal membrane rates compare to other cows in NegV and PosC groups which included the cows whether had natural or acquired immunity. Stillbirth and embryonic loss rates were numerically higher in PosC group compare to the other groups. Also it was found that the milk peak day of the cows in PosC group was seen later than of the cows in other groups.
Acknowledgement: This research is supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, Project No.119O952).
Keywords: Cow, Coxiella brunetii, inactivated vaccine, reproductive parameters, milk yield.
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey;
Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey.
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