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Association of ionized and total calcium in periparturient dairy cows
Cohrs, I.; Wächter, S.; Golbeck, L...
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Objectives: Hypocalcemia in cattle is commonly diagnosed based on serum total calcium (tCa) although only ionized calcium (iCa) is metabolically active. The objectives of this study were to study the association between tCa and iCa around calving and to identify factors most influential on the iCa:tCa-ratio.
Materials and methods: Lab results from 30 cows enrolled in an unrelated study investigating the effect of phosphorus-deprivation during the dry period were used. Cows were either fed a dry cow diet with adequate (0.30%) or low (0.16%) phosphorus content. Blood samples were obtained daily from day -4 until calving, 0h, 6h, 12h, 24h and 2, 3, 4 and 7 days post-partum. Blood gas and blood biochemical analyses were conducted.
Results: Correlations between iCa and tCa during the first week of lactation ranged between r=0.55, P=0.002 and r=0.84, P<0.0001. The slope of the Deming regression lines varied considerably at the different sampling times. ROC analyses with a cut off value of 1.10 mmol/L for iCa conducted for each sampling time yielded a low area under the curve of 0.64 at calving that increased to 0.93 4 days post-partum. Parameters with strongest effect on the iCa:tCa ratio were plasma albumin (r2=0.58, P<0.0001), pCO2 (r2=0.45, P=0.0003), standard-[HCO3] (r2=0.22, P=0.01), lactate (r2=0.16, P=0.04) and NEFAs (r2=0.15, P=0.05).
Conclusion: The association of tCa with iCa during the first week of lactation is weak and highly variable. Several blood parameters seem to affect the iCa:tCa ratio and thereby weaken the usefulness of tCa to predict iCa in particular during the first days of lactation.
Keywords: Ionized calcium, total calcium, periparturient dairy cow.
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumühle, Münchweiler an der Alsenz, Germany;
Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany;
Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität-Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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