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Association between hyperglycemia and survival in adult cattle affected by acute gastro-intestinal disorders
Nicola, I.; Desrochers, A.; Nichols...
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Objective: To evaluate the association between glycemia and short-term outcome in adult cattle with acute gastro-intestinal disorders (AGID).
Material and methods: We reviewed medical record of adult dairy and beef cattle (> 24 months), presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Université de Montréal between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2019 and diagnosed with an AGID. The type and diagnosis of the AGID (strangulating, non-strangulating and haemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS)) were established based on the clinical examination, the abdominal ultrasonography findings, the surgery and/or the necropsy findings. All cattle with a serum bio-chemistry profile, including glycemia, performed at admission were included. Exclusion criteria were: cattle treated with dextrose, propylene glycol or dexamethasone prior to admission.
Glycemia, heart rate, packed cell volume, urea, creatinine, total proteins, lactates and category of lesion (strangulating, non-strangulating, HBS) were evaluated as possible predictors for short-term outcome (discharge or not from the hospital) in a logistic regression model. The association between category of lesions and clinical as well as laboratory findings was evaluated with a general linear model followed by Tukey’s post-hoc tests. P was set at 0.05.
Results: Overall, 197 records were evaluated and 112 were selected. Median (interquartile range (IQR)) values of glycemia for animals with positive (79%) and negative out- come (21%) were 6.7 mmol/L (IQR: 5.3-9.3) and 8.15 mmol/L (IQR: 6.6-10.7), respectively. Median values of glycemia for animal with strangulating (26%), non-strangulating (59%) and HBS lesions (15%) were 7.4 mmol/L (IQR: 5.8-9.3); 6.65 mmol- /l (IQR: 5.3-9.3) and 8.8 mmol/L (IQR: 7.3-10.7), respectively. Glycemia was associated with non-survival in the univariable analysis (OR 1.16; 95% CI: 1.035, 1.30, p < 0.05), but not in the multivariable analysis. In the multivariable analysis, only decreased total proteins (OR 0.94; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.99), increased creatinine (OR 1.01; 95%CI: 1.001; 1.017) and cat- egory of lesions (HBS OR 1.56 compared to strangulating le- sions 95% CI: 1.12, 19.96) were associated with non-survival (p < 0.05). Interestingly, urea and glycemia were significantly higher with HBS compared to non-strangulating lesions (p < 0.05). Urea was significantly higher with HBS compared with strangulating lesions (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Glycemia is an easily obtainable parameter in field setting. It was not a predictor for short-term survival in our study. However, glycemia was increased in cases with a negative outcome and specifically for HBS. Further prospective studies are needed in order to elucidate the validity of glycemia as a prognostic tool in different type of acute gastro-intestinal disorders.
Keywords: Hyperglycemia, gastro-intestinal disorders, surgery, haemorrhagic bowel syndrome, cattle.
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
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