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How I Treat… Tetanus In Dogs And Cats
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Tetanus occurs as a result of infection by the Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium Clostridium tetani. This bacillus is found ubiquitously in the environment, and entry into the body is most commonly via an infected external or surgical wound (e.g. recent ovariohysterectomy), or via the oral cavity (e.g. tooth root abscessation or loss of deciduous teeth). Following entry into an anaerobic environment, the spores vegetate to produce the neurotoxin tetanospasmin. This toxin enters the peripheral nerves at the site of infection and ascends to the level of the spinal cord or cranial nerve nuclei, where it binds irreversibly to interneurons called Renshaw cells. These interneurons normally function to inhibit recurrent motor neuron firing and prevent the simultaneous contraction of flexor and extensor muscles. Toxin-mediated inhibition of glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release from the interneurons results in the sustained muscle contractions typical of this disease. Given sufficient time, recovery can occur by synthesis of new presynaptic components and sprouting of new axon terminals. [...]
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Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists Neurology and Neurosurgery Winchester, Hampshire United Kingdom
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