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Approach To Clinical Cases Where The Answer Was a Biopsy of a Coelomic Organ in Reptiles
Paolo Selleri
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Biopsy techniques in reptiles can be performed ultrasound guided, via coeliotomy or endoscopically. In some species, like chelonians an open technique can be very invasive for the patient, thus, endoscopy is more and more recommended as a minimally invasive technique for biopsy especially of the liver, kidneys and splenopancreas. Instrumentation for endoscopy in reptiles are similar to those used in small animal laparoscopy, using rigid telescopes of 2.7 or 1.9, or larger, depending on the size of the animal. Biopsies can be performed using cannulas with biopsy ports, thus most of the times, insertion of other ports is not necessary. If this is the case 3 mm or 5 mm trocars can be used. Insufflation is also possible in these species and air is more recommended compared to carbon dioxide, but due to the lack of diaphragm, care should be taken at the end of the procedure to eliminate as much as possible of the gas inserted. [...]
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