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Imaging in Thyroid Disease
W. Mai
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Thyroid disease is common in dogs and cats. Common diseases include immune-mediated thyroiditis (dog), idiopathic atrophy (dog), adenomatous hyperplasia (cat) and thyroid carcinoma (dogs and cats). More rarely, thyroid diseases induced by ingestion of goitrogenic substances are encountered. By far, feline hyperthyroidism is the most commonly encountered thyroid condition in veterinary medicine, followed by canine primary hypothyroidism.
RADIOGRAPHY
Radiography is rarely used in the management of patients with thyroid endocrine diseases with maybe the exception of congenital hypothyroidism in dogs, where skeletal radiographic abnormalities can be encountered, such as delayed epiphyseal ossification and epiphyseal dysgenesis, commonly seen in the proximal tibia and the humeral and femoral condyles. There is decreased length of the long bones with valgus deformities at the carpal and tarsal levels resulting from delayed ossification of the carpal and tarsal bones. The skull appears shortened and broadened with delayed closure of the sutures, and the vertebral bodies are shortened with scalloped ventral margins, due to delayed epiphyseal growth. Radiographs are also usually the first imaging modality used in the assessment of cervical masses due to thyroid neoplasia; thyroid neoplasia produces a mass caudal to the pharynx, and when large enough causes compression/ ventral displacement of the laryngeal airways and trachea. Thoracic radiography is also used to rule out gross metastatic disease in cases of thyroid carcinoma, and is reported to be more sensitive than scintigraphy in that assessment; metastases are present in 27 to 63% of dogs with thyroid carcinoma at admission. […]
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About
Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine Rosenthal Imaging and Treatment Center, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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