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One health perspective on formalin footbaths
Arne Vanhoudt and Esmée Janssen
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Objective
To investigate occupational formaldehyde exposure levels of Dutch dairy farm workers due to formalin footbaths, and to study if this exposure falls within established safety norms.
Material and methods
Stationary active air sampling was conducted on 20 dairy farms to determine air formaldehyde concentrations next to the footbath and in the milking parlor during the time the footbath was used. Furthermore, temperature, relative air humidity, CO2 and air pressure during measurements were collected using a climate monitor, to assess if meteorological conditions influence air formaldehyde concentrations. Potential exposure routes, exposure time, expected formalin footbath concentrations and possible confounders were determined through a structured interview. Footbath formaldehyde concentrations were measured to assess possible association with formaldehyde concentrations in the air. [...]
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