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How I Diagnose… Aminoglycoside-Induced Nephrotoxicity
M.A. González
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The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and the selective pressure exerted by them has led to an increase in bacterial resistance, so that the antimicrobials that were previously the first choice for treating certain pathologies have to be replaced by others of less frequent use, such as the aminoglycosides.
The chemical structure of aminoglycosides is composed of amino-sugars bound by glycoside bonds to a hexagonal cyclic alcohol with amino-groups (aminocyclitol). Depending on whether the aminocyclitol component is streptidine or deoxystreptamine, they are classified into two large groups. The first is composed only of streptomycin while the second one includes most of the compounds used in clinical practice (kanamycin, amikacin, tobramycin, gentamicin, neomycin).
Aminoglycosides are not absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, so they must be administered parenterally. ...
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