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Studies on Bait Preference and Acceptance in Wolves (Canis lupus lupus)
Gräßer, N., Ortmann, S., Vos, A...
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Abstract
Recently, wolves have returned to their historical range in several areas of Central and Western Europe. The renewed presence of this large carnivore in these areas raises many conflicts and challenges, including its potential as a host of rabies. Historically, dogs and wolves were considered the two main vector species for rabies in Europe, whereby wolf rabies appeared to dominate in rural areas. The potential risks that wolves could succumb to rabies upon re-emergence of this disease in Western and Central Europe cannot be ignored considering the reported cases in East-Europe and the Middle East where wolves and rabies coexist. It could also have a serious impact on the present general positive public attitude towards the renewed presence of this carnivore. Hence, tools to prevent this would have significant value for any wolf conservation management plan. Oral vaccination of different wildlife species against rabies has proven highly effective and this approach also may be applicable (locally) for wolves in the case of necessity. Besides a safe and efficacious vaccine, a well-accepted bait for the target species is another prerequisite for oral rabies vaccination. Therefore, bait preference and acceptance studies in wolves kept in enclosures were conducted. An experimental egg-flavored bait was tested, together with a positive control made from a natural product (intestine) and a negative control, a presently used oral vaccine bait matrix for foxes (vegetable fats and fish meal). The experimental bait was well accepted. No significant difference between the positive control and a significantly better acceptance rate than the negative control was found. Adding selected palatants to the bait did not improve bait acceptance. However, adding a rumen flour coating to the experimental bait increased its detectability significantly when distributed in the wolves’ enclosure.
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 2, 30173 Hannover, Germany. Ceva Innovation Center GmbH (previously IDT Biologika GmbH), Am Pharmapark, 06861 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany. Ceva Santé Animale (previously IDT Biologika GmbH), Am Pharmapark, 06861 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany. Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel. Israel Nature and Parks Authority, 95463 Jerusalem, Israel. Zoologischer Garten Osnabrück, Klaus-Strick-Weg 12, 49082 Osnabrück, Germany.
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