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Acute Kidney Injury in Horses
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Acute renal failure (ARF) usually develops as a complication of another disease process that causes decreased renal perfusion (colic, colitis, hemorrhage, or exhaustive exercise). Recently, there have also been reports of ARF developing with leptospirosis in equids. Treatment with nephrotoxic medications including aminoglycoside antibiotics, oxytetracycline (when administered for correction of flexural deformities in neonatal foals), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is an important risk factor for ARF in horses. Other nephrotoxins that can cause ARF include endogenous pigments (myoglobin or hemoglobin), vitamin D or vitamin K3, heavy metals (mercury, cadmium, zinc, arsenic and lead), and acorns. Due to widespread use of aminoglycoside antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in equine practice, potential nephrotoxicity with these medications will be discussed in further detail below. […]
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