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Cyanogenic Potential of Various Sorghum Fodder Species
Avais M., Khan Sarwar M., Ashraf K...
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Objectives: Many plants contain a cyanide compound, cyanogenic glycoside, and also an enzyme beta-glycosidase which hydrolyses the cyanogenic glycoside to hydrogen cyanide which is highly toxic to the livestock. In this study cyanide levels and factors affecting cyanide levels in various sorghum fodder plants were determined.
Materials and Methods: A total of 500 samples of various plant species used as livestock fodder were collected from the crop fields of different areas of tehsil Burewala, Pakistan. they included 100 samples each of sorghum bicolor, s. sudanese, Jumbo grass ( s. bicolor x s. sudanese hybrid), s. halepense and maize. an estimation of cyanide levels in the samples was performed spectrophotometerically using the picrate kit method. data for each sample were incorporated in a data capture form. entries included type and species of plant, local and botanical name, height, part of plant material, age, growth stage etc.
Results: the cyanide content of s. bicolor (192.8±9.051 mg/kg) and s. sudanese (198.7±9.50 mg/kg) were not significantly different from each other (P>0.05). A significant difference (P<0.05) was observed between CN ? contents of Jumbo grass (211.7±9.086 mg/kg) and s. halepense (244.9±9.659 mg/kg). Jumbo grass and s. halepense have significantly higher (P<0.05) CN ? concentrations than s. bicolor or s. sudanese but the CN ? contents of s. halepense were significantly higher than Jumbo grass. Maize has significantly lower (P<0.05) values of CN ? contents (6.6±0.529 mg/kg) than any of s. bicolor, s. sudanese, Jumbo grass or s. halepense. all plant species showed a gradual increase in CN ? contents with increase in height of the plants that reached maximum level at height of 91-100 cm. the CN ? contents in leaves of all plants species were significantly higher (P<0.05) than CN ? contents of stem.
Conclusions: Jumbo grass and s. halepense possess higher cyanogenic potential compared to s. bicolor or s. sudanese, and cyanide content increases gradually with increasing height of plants up to 91-100 cm. at greater heights, CN ? content gradually decreases in all plant species.
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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