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Risk Factors for Bovine Respiratory Disease in Australian Feedlot Cattle: Using a Causal Diagram-Based Approach to Estimate Total and Direct Effects of Mixing and Group Size Before Induction
Hay K.
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Objectives:
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle worldwide. A nationwide longitudinal study was conducted to identify and quantify the effects of putative risk factors on the risk of BRD in Australian feedlot cattle.
Methods:
Study cattle were enrolled as they were inducted into study feedlots over a three-year period. In total, 35,131 animals were enrolled; these were nested in 1077 source groups (established at least 13 days before feedlot entry), in 170 cohorts (i.e. animals assembled in a feedlot pen following induction and remaining together during their time on feed), in 14 feedlots, from Australian 4 states. Cohorts of cattle were monitored for clinical BRD during their first 50 days on feed. Associations between a large selection of putative risk factors and BRD were assessed. Only those relating to mixing and group size before feedlot entry are presented here. The Australian National Livestock Identification System requires that all movements of cattle be recorded in a national database. In a novel use of these data, the geo-referenced location and group size of study animals at time points of interest (365, 180, 90, 28, 13, 7 and 2 days) prior to induction were determined, and lifetime mixing, saleyard transfer history and group size predictors of BRD were derived. The total and direct effects of risk factors were estimated using a causal diagraminformed process to determine minimal sufficient adjustment sets to include in separate multilevel models for each risk factor of interest. DAGitty software was used to produce directed acyclic graphs to aid this process. Four-level multivariable Bayesian logistic regression models were fitted using MLwiN software. […]
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About
Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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