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Botanical Terms
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Alternate - One leaf per node, not opposite each other (leaves, etc.).
Annual - Lives only one season.
Axil - The upper angle where the leaf joins the stem.
Bracts - Modified leaves, green or colored, associated with the flower.
Calyx - The outer circle of floral leaves (sepals); usually green, sometimes like petals, may be separate or joined.
Compound - Divided into separate leaflets (leaf).
Corolla - Showy inner floral envelope, composed of petals.
Deciduous - Leaves, fruit, etc., are shed at end of year.
Dioecious - Male and female reproductive organs on separate plants.
Entire - Without lobes or teeth (leaf).
Erect - Single stem.
Glabrous - Smooth, without hairs.
Glaucous - With a waxy whitish coating, shines when rubbed.
Habit - How does it grow, what is it like, e.g., erect, herbaceous, etc.?
Habitat - Where does it grow, what are the best conditions for growth?
Head - A crowded cluster of stalkless flowers.
Herbaceous, herbs - Fleshy, nonwoody plants.
Inflorescence - The flower cluster, how flowers are arranged on stem.
Involucre - A circle of bracts supporting a flower or flower cluster.
Irregular - Not symmetrical (flower).
Linear - Long, narrow, with veins parallel (leaf).
Lobed - Indented, with rounded outer projections (leaf).
Palmate - Divided or lobed to radiate from one point, like the fingers on a hand (leaf).
Panicle - An elongated, compound, branched flower cluster.
Peduncle - Where inflorescence is attached.
Petal - One of the segments of the corolla, may be separate or joined basally, usually colored.
Perennial - First season produces leaves only, second season reproduces with seed production, etc.
Petiole - The leafstalk.
Pinnate - Compound, with several or many leaflets arranged in pairs or alternately along a midrib (leaf).
Pistil - Central female organ of a flower, composed of a swollen ovary at the base; the style which is a slender stalk; and the stigma which is a divided or knobbed tip.
Pubescent - With soft down hairs.
Raceme - A long cluster of flowers arranged singly along a stalk, each flower has its own small stalk.
Rays, ray flowers - The flat straplike blades that encircle the disk flowers (e.g., a daisy).
Rhizomes - The creeping underground stem of plants.
Sepal - A small modified leaf near the rim of the flower.
Spike - A long flower cluster. The stalkless or nearly stalkless flowers are arranged along the stem.
Stamen - The male flower organ, composed of a slender stalk with a knoblike anther, bears pollen.
Stolon - A horizontal branch either above or below ground which produces new plants from buds at its tip, i.e., runner.
Stipule - A small leaf-like appendage at the base of the petiole.
Umbel - An umbrella-like flower cluster with all the flower stalks radiating from the same point.
Utricle - Any of various small pouches or saccate parts of a plant body.
Whorl - Three or more leaves, etc., radiating from a single point.
Leaf Arrangements
The shape of leaves. A - Lanceolate. B - Ovate. C - Heart - shaped or cordate. D - Linear. E - Oblong. F - Oval.
Leaf margins and venation. a - Pinnately veined, lobed leaf of oak. b - Palmately veined, toothed leaf of nettle. c - Netted-veined, doubly toothed leaf of elm. d - Parallel-veined, entire leafof false Solomon's seal.
Types of Inflorescence a - Spike. b - Raceme. c - Panicle. d - Umbel. e - Cyme.
Complete, Simple and Compound Leaves. a - Simple leaf, complete with stipules. b - Pinnately compound leaf. c - Palmately compound leaf.
The Complete Flower. I - Pistil, a - ovary, b - style, c - stigma. II - Stamen, d - filament, e - anther, gross view, f - anther, cross-section. III - Perianth g - sepal, h - petal.
Flower Characteristics
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About
How to reference this publication (Harvard system)?
Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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