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  4. Small Animal Neurology - Veterinary Focus - Vol. 24(2) - Jun. 2014
  5. Síndrome vestibular en el perro
Small Animal Neurology - Veterinary Focus - Vol. 24(2) - Jun. 2014
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Síndrome vestibular en el perro

Author(s):
Flegel T.
In: Small Animal Neurology - Veterinary Focus - Vol. 24(2) - Jun. 2014 by Veterinary Focus
Updated:
JUN 01, 2014
Languages:
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  • IT
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    Introducción

    Uno de los problemas neurológicos más frecuentes en la clínica de pequeños animales es el relacionado con el sistema vestibular. Los trastornos vestibulares pueden ser clínicamente gratificantes, ya que la alteración de la función neurológica se manifiesta con signos clínicos típicos y generalmente, desde el inicio, se pueden reconocer fácilmente. El siguiente paso, quizá más importante, consiste en localizar el trastorno dentro del sistema vestibular. Puede suponer un reto determinar si la lesión es periférica (oído interno) o central (cerebro), pero es esencial localizar la lesión, ya que la toma de decisiones referentes al diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico, dependen de ello. Ante un problema vestibular la pregunta clave es:¿se localiza en el oído o en el cerebro?. La respuesta es de suma importancia para el paciente, y el objetivo de este artículo es ayudar, desde un punto de vista clínico, a reconocer las enfermedades vestibulares, a diferenciar entre un síndrome vestibular periférico y uno central, y a considerar los diagnósticos diferenciales cuando se trate de un síndrome vestibular periférico. La enfermedad vestibular central no se trata en profundidad en este artículo, ya que una vez identificada como tal, se suele remitir a un centro de referencia para realizar el estudio de las imágenes de resonancia magnética (RM) y el análisis del líquido cefalorraquídeo.

    Puntos Clave

    • Los signos típicos de un trastorno del sistema vestibular son la ataxia generalizada, el nistagmo, la inclinación de la cabeza y la marcha en círculos.

    • Es esencial diferenciar entre una enfermedad del sistema vestibular periférico (oído) y una del sistema vestibular central (cerebro); puesto que la toma de decisiones diagnósticas y terapéuticas se basará en qué sistema vestibular esté afectado.

    • La presentación conjunta de signos vestibulares, parálisis unilateral del nervio facial y/o síndrome de Horner, en ausencia de otros déficits neurológicos, es patognomónica de una lesión en el oído medio o interno.

    • El nistagmo vertical indica generalmente una alteración vestibular central.

    • Una enfermedad vestibular periférica habitualmente puede diagnosticarse y tratarse en una clínica veterinaria de primera opción, aunque en ocasiones puede ser necesario remitir al paciente a un centro de referencia, sobre todo si se requieren pruebas de diagnóstico por imagen específicas o cuando el tratamiento no es efectivo.

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    About

    How to reference this publication (Harvard system)?

    Flegel, T. (2014) “Síndrome vestibular en el perro”, Small Animal Neurology - Veterinary Focus - Vol. 24(2) - Jun. 2014. Available at: https://www.ivis.org/library/veterinary-focus/small-animal-neurology-veterinary-focus-vol-242-jun-2014/síndrome-vestibular-en-el-perro (Accessed: 28 May 2023).

    Author(s)

    • Flegel T.

      PD Dr vet med MVSci Dipl ECVN Dipl ACVIM (Neurology)
      Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of Leipzig
      Read more about this author

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