Intracranial Tumors in Dogs

Introduction

Intracranial neoplasia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in companion animals, predominantly in dogs. Increased availability of advanced imaging modalities and specialized surgical equipment, together with a growing understanding of the basic biology of these tumors, has provided the opportunity to significantly advance patient care. This review will summarize clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of canine intracranial tumors, and briefly introduce novel areas of research and therapy currently in clinical trials.

Key Points

• Primary intracranial tumors are over-represented in certain breeds such as Boxers, Bulldogs, Boston Terriers and Golden Retrievers.

• A comprehensive diagnostic plan is important when intracranial neoplasia is suspected due to the frequency of secondary intracranial tumors and additional unrelated neoplasia.

• Advanced imaging is the mainstay of diagnosis, but cannot replace histopathology for optimal therapeutic planning.

• Palliative therapy can provide quality of life in the short term (weeks to several months).

• Although diagnostic imaging, biopsy and definitive therapies are expensive, they may result in prolonged survival times of one or more years, particularly for rostrotentorial tumors.

• Molecular genetic investigations are likely to improve incidence and outcomes through selective breeding and targeted therapies