How I Approach... Fractures of the Maxilla and Mandible in Cats

Introduction

Jaw fractures account for 5-7% of all fractures in cats and are frequently caused by car accidents or by falls from a height (Figure 1). Jaw fractures are in many ways very different to fractures in other areas; in particular, there are differences in treatment options when a fractured section contains one or more teeth. Preserving tooth vitality and ensuring a natural occlusion are major factors during treatment; teeth can also have an important role in repositioning and stabilizing the fracture. Rapid, functional restoration is the most important consideration for treatment, as this is vital to permit the cat to feed properly. However, the fracture is often part of a multiple trauma problem and jaw reconstruction is not the first priority; typically stabilization of the animal and treatment for shock are of primary importance. In general a cat that has been involved in an accident is immediately taken to the veterinarian by its owner; however an injured animal may only return to the owner’s home some days after the trauma, and evidence of acute injury - and in particular a possible jaw fracture - may not be obvious.

Key Points

• The main focus when treating feline jaw fractures is to restore functional occlusion.

• Jaw fractures are often only one component in a multiple trauma case.

• Care must be taken to ensure that fracture treatment does not affect tooth viability.

• Fracture assessment requires good radiographic technique and can be augmented by CT and MRI imaging.