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Allergies / intolérances alimentaires
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La « réaction indésirable aux aliments » ou la « sensibilité alimentaire » sont des termes généraux qui sous-entendent l’existence d’une réaction physiologique ou d’un signe clinique provoqués par une réaction anormale de l’organisme à une substance ingérée. La réaction peut être de nature immunologique (allergie vraie) ou bien chimique ou toxique (intolérance) (Tableau 1). Dans la grande majorité des cas, il n’est pas possible d’identifier l’étiologie et le terme de « réaction alimentaire » est donc privilégié, malgré l’utilisation fréquente des termes d’ « allergie alimentaire » ou d’ « hypersensibilité alimentaire ».
Points Clés
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Les allergies et les intolérances alimentaires se traduisent par les mêmes signes cliniques.
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Le diagnostic passe par une épreuve d’éviction- réintroduction (ou test de provocation alimentaire).
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Le diagnostic sérologique n’est pas fiable.
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Le traitement consiste à donner un régime d’éviction
minutieusement choisi ou un aliment hydrolysé.
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