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  4. Endocrinopathies - Veterinary Focus - Vol. 21(1) - Feb. 2011
  5. Hypercalcémie : diagnostic et options thérapeutiques chez le chien et le chat
Endocrinopathies - Veterinary Focus - Vol. 21(1) - Feb. 2011
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Hypercalcémie : diagnostic et options thérapeutiques chez le chien et le chat

Author(s):
de Brito Galvao J.F.,
Chew D. and
Schenck P.A.
In: Endocrinopathies - Veterinary Focus - Vol. 21(1) - Feb. 2011 by Veterinary Focus
Updated:
FEB 01, 2011
Languages:
  • DE
  • EN
  • ES
  • FR
  • IT
  • PT-PT
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    Read

    Introduction

    Le calcium est nécessaire pour un certain nombre de fonctions intra- et extracellulaires, ainsi que pour l’entretien du squelette. Le calcium total est la forme de calcium la plus analysée. Mais le calcium circulant existe sous trois formes : ionisée, complexée (liée aux phosphates, bicarbonates...) et liée aux protéines (1). Chez le chien sain, le calcium ionisé, complexé et lié aux protéines représente respectivement 55 %, 10 % et 35 % du calcium total sérique (2). Chez le chat, les chiffres sont similaires (3). Le calcium ionisé constitue la fraction biologiquement active qui est régulée, et son dosage est donc l’examen de référence pour l’évaluation du statut calcique des animaux.

    La régulation de la calcémie est complexe et dépend des actions conjointes de la parathormone (PTH), des métabolites de la vitamine D et de la calcitonine (4). La PTH intervient dans la régulation fine de la calcémie. Quand la calcémie ionisée diminue, la production de PTH est stimulée au sein des cellules principales de la glande parathyroïde. La PTH entraîne une augmen- tation de la calcémie par divers effets ; elle entraîne également une phosphaturie, qui fait baisser la phos- phatémie. La calcitonine joue un rôle mineur dans le métabolisme calcique, servant surtout à limiter le degré d’hypercalcémie après un repas riche en calcium.

    Lors d’hypercalcémie, l’interaction entre calcium et phosphore est importante. Chaque fois que le produit de la calcémie totale (mg/dL) par la phosphorémie (mg/dL) dépasse 70 environ, une minéralisation tissulaire est susceptible de se produire. C’est extrêmement problématique car les tissus mous les plus sujets à la minéralisation sont les reins, l’estomac et le système vasculaire.

    Points clés

    • Pour une détection précise de l’hypercalcémie, il est impératif de mesurer le calcium ionisé.
    • La première cause d’hypercalcémie chez le chien est le cancer.
    • Chez un chien apparemment sain, la présence d’une hypercalcémie et d’une hypophosphatémie est probablement due à une hyperparathyroïdie primaire.
    • Chez un chat apparemment sain, la présence d’une hypercalcémie chronique est probablement idiopathique.
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    About

    How to reference this publication (Harvard system)?

    de Brito Galvao, J. F., Chew, D. and Schenck, P. A. (2011) “Hypercalcémie : diagnostic et options thérapeutiques chez le chien et le chat”, Endocrinopathies - Veterinary Focus - Vol. 21(1) - Feb. 2011. Available at: https://www.ivis.org/library/veterinary-focus/endocrinopathies-veterinary-focus-vol-211-feb-2011/hypercalcémie-diagnostic-et-options-thérapeutiques-chez-le-chien-et-le-chat (Accessed: 31 May 2023).

    Author(s)

    • de Brito Galvao J.F.

      MV
      The Ohio State University
      Read more about this author
    • Chew D.

      DVM Dipl ACVIM
      Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University
      Read more about this author
    • Schenck P.A.

      DVM MA PhD
      Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University
      Read more about this author

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