Semen Evaluation and Overview of Common Sperm Abnormalities

A veterinary breeding soundness examination as directed by Society for Theriogenology (SFT) standards provides information that is vital for the cowman and in turn the beef cattle industry. An incomplete exam, specifically the omission of a microscopic evaluation of sperm morphology compromises the results and thus its value. This is also the case with a poorly performed morphology exam whether due to sample handling, equipment (microscope) quality or competency of the veterinarian. From the standpoint of specific sperm abnormalities, when identified in significant numbers, there is utility in assigning prognosis if possible. Likewise, a suspected etiology can also differentiate bulls that might be held for re-testing versus immediate culling. Thus the category of abnormality, suspected etiology, and age of the bull represent information useful in providing both a prognosis and the scheduling of a date for re-test ...