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Non-Cancerous Conditions Associated With Spay/Neuter Status in the Canine
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Gonadecotmy (GX) represents the most common set of surgeries performed in small animal veterinary medicine in the USA. The most common surgeries in bitches are ovariohysterectomy (OHE) or ovariectomy (OX) via ventral midline approach, or via laparoscopy. The most common surgery in dogs is castration (CX) via either prescrotal or scrotal approach. These are the procedures with which students are routinely taught surgery skills and are considered extremely safe in the USA. However, in the past two decades, there has been increasing awareness of the potential ramifications of these surgeries on individual animals and much discussion both within and outside the veterinary community has focused on the potential risks associated with gonadectomy or leaving an animal intact.1-4 ...
Ovariohystorectomy, spay, neuter, risk
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