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Genetics, Genomics and Fertility
J. Dalton a, D. Moore b, T.E...
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Early studies investigating the genetic material of life began with Gregor Mendel, who published his research results in 1866. Through the use of peas in crossbreeding experiments, Mendel reported the inheritance of characteristics or traits occurred via units (which would later be described as genes; Mendel, 1866). In 1944, scientists at the Rockefeller Institute in New York (Avery, MacLeod, and MacCarty, 1944) reported that the genetic material was “DNA” or deoxyribonucleic acid. Watson and Crick, in 1953, described the structure of DNA as a double helix. Twenty-two years later, in 1975, Sanger and Coulson developed a method of DNA sequencing, that is, determining the sequence of the building blocks of DNA, referred to as nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of three components: a sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA), a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base. The nitrogenous bases include cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), and thymine (T). The double helix, similar to a spiral staircase, allows DNA the ability to store and transmit information. The bases link across the two strands of the double helix: cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G), and adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) ...
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
a Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Caldwell, ID;
b Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA;
c Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO;
d Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL;
e USDA-ARS, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD;
f Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
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