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Involuntary Eye Movements in Dogs and Cats: Not Just Nystagmus!
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The control of eyeball position and movement is complex and involves numerous interconnected neural structures and pathways. This control can be broadly divided into two roles:
1) Gaze fixing mechanisms that stabilise an object of interest on the area of the retina with the highest visual acuity, in spite of constant changes in head position (e.g. as an animal walks or runs).
2) Gaze shifting mechanisms that allow movement of the gaze between different objects of interest within the visual field without needing to move the head. Interruption to the normal functioning of the pathways involved in these mechanisms can result in involuntary eye movements, which are observed clinically as inappropriate, to-and-fro oscillations of the eyeballs.[...]
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists Neurology and Neurosurgery Winchester, Hampshire United Kingdom
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