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Vaccination of Dogs and People: Is Worldwide Rabies Eradication - The Next Big Step?
K. Hampson
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Rabies spread by domestic dogs has been eliminated from industrialized countries around the world. As a result, rabies is often considered a disease of history. In reality, rabies is a deadly and terrifying disease that kills thousands of people each year in developing countries. The disease exacts a major public health and economic burden; annually almost 30 million people are bitten by rabid dogs, requiring expensive but life-saving post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and over USD$8 billion are lost to the disease1. Rabies is also a major animal welfare concern. Millions of cases occur in companion animals and livestock annually, and2inhumane (and ineffective) approaches such as culling are often used in an attempt to control rabies . However rabies transmitted by dogs can be eliminated through well implemented mass dog vaccination programmes. Here we review the challenges and progress being made towards the goal of elimination.
The burden of rabies around the world reflects the extent to which effort has been directed towards rabies control and prevention. Decades of mass dog vaccination campaigns across Latin America and the Caribbean coordinated by the Pan-American Health Organization have brought continent-wide elimination within reach3. In much of Asia, effort has focused more on prevention through provision of PEP and dog vaccination efforts have been limited but are increasing. Whilst in sub-Saharan Africa, rabies continues to spread unabated, with little investment in dog vaccination and poor access to PEP for bite victims. However, momentum to control and eliminate rabies is now growing and regional and national targets are being set to advance this goal. […]
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About
Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
Institute for Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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