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Demodicosis: What we Know in Both the Dog and the Cat
Updated:
OCT 19, 2009
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A. Canine Demodicosis - Introduction
- Canine demodicosis is a noncontagious parasitic skin disease caused by an overpopulation of the host-specific follicular mites of the genus Demodex. Most cases of canine demodicosis are caused by Demodex canis, although two other species of demodicid mites are reported.
- Localized demodicosis is a common mild and benign self-limiting disease.
- Generalized demodicosis, in contrast, is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease. Most cases of generalized demodicosis are juvenile in onset and develop in dogs less than 1 year of age.
B. Canine Demodicosis - Etiology
- A genetically preprogrammed immunologic defect probably is responsible for the juvenile onset, generalized demodicosis.
- Immunosuppressive diseases (hyperglucocorticoidism, iatrogenic hyperglucocorticoidism, lymphoid neoplasia, leishmaniasis, and hypothyroidism) can induce adult-onset demodicosis.
- Marked breed predilections and clustering in litters support a hereditary basis for juvenile onset generalized demodicosis. Data suggests an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
- The American Academy of Veterinary Dermatology (AAVD) adopted a resolution in 1981 sponsored by Dr. Robert Kirk recommending ‘neutering all dogs who have had generalized demodicosis so that the incidence of the disease is decreased and not perpetuated’.
C. Canine Demodicosis – Clinical Features
- Generalized canine demodicosis is characterized by the progression of multifocal, erythematous, partially alopecic, crusted macules that eventuate in plaques. Boggy, crusted plaques, alopecia, and exfoliation are signs of more severe disease. Hyperpigmentation, lichenification, and scarring develop with chronic infection.
- Secondary bacterial infection with generalized deep folliculitis and furunculosis, occasional cellulitis, and tissue devitalization may contribute greatly to disease severity, morbidity, and mortality. [...]
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