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Anemia - Clasification, Laboratory Evaluation, Mechanisms of Disease
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Anemia refers to subnormal circulating red blood cell mass, characterized by decreases in one or more (usually all) of these complete blood count (CBC) parameters:
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Erythrocyte concentration
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Hematocrit (or packed cell volume)
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Hemoglobin concentration
Anemia causes clinical signs referable to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity (e.g., pallor of mucous membranes, lethargy, weakness, exercise intolerance) and may also cause other laboratory abnormalities secondary to tissue hypoxia (e.g., increased liver enzyme activities as a result of hypoxia-induced damage to hepatocytes). Anemia also causes decreased viscosity of the blood, and in marked cases frequently causes heart murmurs as a result of a decrease in laminar blood flow.
Classification of anemia
Classifying anemia as regenerative or nonregenerative is clinically useful because it provides information about the mechanism of disease, as discussed in more detail below (also see Appendix A). [...]
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