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Experimental Multiple Virus-Infections of Commercial Layers with Avian Influenza, Subtype H9N2 and Velogenic Newcastle Disease
Davidson I., Haddas R., Natour...
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Avian Influenza and Newcastle disease viruses (NDV ) are economically very important diseases of the poultry industry worldwide. While the majority of research has been dedicated to each virus in particular, including biological, molecular and vaccine aspects of development, the impact of dual-virus infection has attracted less attention. To fill this gap, we conducted the present study on NDV vaccinated commercial adult layers that were housed in isolators for challenge with velogenic NDV (vNDV ). The assessment of commercial birds is innovative, as no studies have been performed to resolve this issue in commercial birds using experimentally-controlled challenge and molecular survey. The dual-virus infection was carried out with avian influenza, subgroup H9N2, 4 days before the challenge with vNDV, which is the most prevalent scenario in Israeli commercial poultry, at the time of conducting the study. The first trial employed SPF chicks to titrate the vNDV challenge; the second trial explored the efficacy of the commercial vaccination against NDV in 30 weeks-old Lohmann layers, and the third experimental infection trial analyzed systematically the impact of dual virus-infection on 35 week-old Hyline vaccinated layers with NDV vaccine. In the trials that employed commercial layers the birds were protected against morbidity and mortality, but they still shed vNDV at low levels, probably reflecting the actual situation in many commercial flocks in Israel. No effect by the prior infection of commercial layers with AIV H9N2, followed by vNDV were observed, neither on the NDV shedding, antibody titers to both viruses and nor the rates of mortality and morbidity.
Avian Influenza Virus-subtype H9N2; Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus; Commercial Layers; Experimental Co-Infection
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
Division of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan P.O.Box 12, Israel 50250. Israel Veterinary Services, Bet Dagan, Israel 50250.
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The Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine is available as an open, online journal for veterinarians worldwide.
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