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Oral Administration of Sodium Dipyrone (Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic) Does not Compromise the Efficacy of Intratesticular Injection of Zinc Gluconate as a Contraceptive for Dogs
E.C.S. Oliveira, P.M. Muller, F.L.M...
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INTRODUCTION: We reported the potential of a single intratesticular injection of a commercial zinc gluconate (ZnG) solution (Testoblock®) as an irreversible contraceptive for male dogs; in a 6-mo study, dogs were azoospermic at 60 d post injection, and histological and ultrastructural changes suggested irreversibility (1,2). Recently, we observed that some dogs had signs of discomfort after the procedure, consistent with similar reports in dogs given intratesticular injections of solutions containing zinc gluconate, namely Infertile® (3) and Neutersol® (4). It was suggested that administration of an oral analgesic and anti-inflammatory (sodium dipyrone) prior to intratesticular injection of Infertile® reduced testicular swelling and perceived pain (5). It is noteworthy that one of the mechanisms of action of zinc when injected in testis is disruption of the Sertoli cell barrier and induction of a local immune and inflammatory response that causes cellular alteration and interruption of spermatogenesis (1). Therefore, an anti-inflammatory drug could affect this mechanism of action and compromise the efficacy of the chemical sterilization procedure. The aim of this study was to determine whether the efficacy of ZnG as a chemical sterilant would be compromised by treatment with sodium dipyrone, an antiflammatory/analgesic agent.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was approved by the Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee of Federal Rural University of Pernambuco. Ten dogs received a single injection of Testoblock® into each testis (0.2 to 1.0 mL per testis, based on testis width). Dogs with signs of mild discomfort (vocalization/loss of appetite) after injection of Testoblock® were allocated to the Treated group (n=5) and received sodium dipyrone orally (25 mg/kg thrice daily for 2 d), starting when the first signs of tenderness where observed (2-3 h after the procedure). The remaining dogs (Control, n=5) did not display any discomfort and were not given any anti-inflammatory/analgesic treatment. General attitude, ability to walk, scrotal alteration (pain, swelling, dermatitis), rectal temperature and semen analysis, were determined immediately before the injection, daily for the first 7 d after the procedure, and then every 60 d until 180 d after the procedure.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: All dogs in both groups had normal rectal temperatures throughout the study (180 d). No biting/licking was detected after the injection in Control dogs, whereas Treated dogs experienced mild discomfort (vocalization and reduced appetite) 2-3 h after the procedure and received sodium dipyrone. Transient testicular swelling (that has been attributed to mild inflammation) was reported in both Control and Treated dogs during the first 3 d after injection, with no significant difference between groups. Therefore, we inferred that dipyrone did not suppress local inflammatory responses following intratesticular injection of zinc gluconate. Regarding semen analysis, at 60 d after zinc injection, ejaculates of all dogs were azoospermic. At 120 d, ejaculates of 7 dogs were azoospermic, whereas the remaining 3 (2 from Control and 1 from the Treated group) had an apparent aspermia (these findings persisted through the end of the study).
CONCLUSION: Administration of sodium dipyrone after chemical castration of dogs using an intratesticular injection of a zinc-based solution (Testoblock®) improved animal welfare but did not compromise the contraceptive efficacy of the procedure.
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